Objective: Prostate cancer is the second cause of cancer-associated death in men. In recent years, targeted therapy for cancer has attracted the attention of researchers.Targeted therapy leads to a decrease in drug adverse effects. Studies indicate that targeting peptides for cancer CELLs represent valuable tools for diagnostics and therapeutics. Recently, phage display peptide libraries have been used to identify target peptides to a variety of cancer CELLs. In the current study, we aim to isolate peptides that target PC3 CELLs (human prostate adenocarcinoma CELLs).Methods: Four rounds of subtractive panning on control CELLs that included 5637 (bladder), Huh-7 (liver), SW480 (colon), AGS (stomach) and human fibroblast normal in addition to four rounds of positive panning on PC3 (target CELL) were performed.Polyclonal phage ELISA was used to evaluate the process of enrichment during biopanning. Subsequently, phage clones were randomly selected from titer plates, amplified by plaque-PCR, and their genomic DNA was sequenced. We conducted bioinformatic analysis for further characterization of the isolated peptides.Results: Several rounds of panning resulted in the enrichment of a number of peptides.The results of polyclonal phage ELISA indicated that the biopanning process was successful. In silico analysis showed the presence of several consensus amino acid motifs in the peptides.Conclusion: The peptides identified through biopanning can be considered as potential specific binders to PC3 CELLs. Peptides with specificity binding to target CELLs can be used for targeted gene and drug delivery to malignant tumor CELLs. Further analyses of these peptides are required to show their capacity for targeted delivery of various genes and drugs into prostate cancer CELLs.

Background and purpose: During recent years, nitric oxide (NO) has been considered as a molecule involved in migraine headaches. This free radical involves in initiation of migraine headaches via NO/cGMP signaling pathway and vascular relaxation specially big intracranial arteries. Therefore, we studied the effects of aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare and Melilotus officinalis prescribed in migraine treatment in traditional & modem medicine, on NO level in cultured endothelial CELLs.Materials and Methods: Each crude herb (25g) was mixed with 200 ml distilled water. End extract obtained after filtering and drying. Endothelial CELLs propagated in DMEM medium containing 10% FCS and 1-2% penicillin-streptomycin. The nitrite concentration was measured as an indicator of nitric oxide production according to the Griess reaction and with ELISA in 540nm.Results: Concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 µg/ml of Origanum vulgare, reduced NO levels compared with control to 13.1 % (p<0.05), 25.8% (p<0.01) and 33.9% (p<0.001) respectively. However, despite our expectation melilotus officinalis increased NO level. The concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 µg/ml of the herb, increased NO levels to 12.7 (p<0.05), 36.5% (p<0.001) & 72.9% (p<0.001) respectively.Conclusion: We concluded that aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare probably decreases migraine headaches by reducing NO and aqueous extract of Melilotus officinalis does not act through this mechanism.

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the efficiency of DNA absorption and gene transfusion to chicken hepatoma CELLs LINE LMH at both transfection and transduction levels using recombinant lentiviruses. Then transgene expression level was studied.Material and Methods: The CELLs were cultivated in 96-well plates for viral transfection or transduction and then studied using fluorescent microscope in different stages. Green Fluorescent Protein-positive (GFP) CELLs counted by Grid CELL Counter software and transgen expression level calculated using ImageJ software. Data analyzed using SPSS.Results: GFP gene expression began 6 and 9 hours after transfection in HEK and LMH CELLs, respectively. These times were increased, respectively, to 22 and 36 hours post-transduction. Counting GFP+ CELLs 48 hours post-transfection showed that HEK and LMH CELLs have received and expressed 40% and 35% of DNA. These levels increased to 95% and 48% respectively in 72 hours. Also counting HEK+ CELLs at 72 and 96 hours viral post-transduction confirmed the similar pattern of receiving DNA by both HEK and LMH CELLs. Therefore, analyzing of GFP expression level showed that HEK and LMH classes expressed GFP in 74% and 89% (P<0.01 significant).Conclusion: Overall, our results indicated that HEK CELLs have higher potential to absorption of foreign genes whereas the intensity of expression is higher in LMH CELLs.

Aim and Background: Cancer is a major cause of mortality in the world. Treatment of Cancer through drug therapy/chemotherapy faces the challenges of drug delivery. Drug delivery systems such as niosomes provided high efficiency and targeted treatment. The aim of this study was to prepare a new formula of niosomal nano system containing doxorubicin as the cancer therapy drug. Changing the tissue distribution of drug leads to drug effect improvement and reducing its cytotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Doxorubicin encapsulated niosomes were synthesized using thin-film method. A certain amount of Span-60 and Cholesterol dissolved by chloroform in a round bottom balloon. Rotary evaporator was used in order to remove the organic solvent and form the thin-film. The thin-film was hydrated by doxorubicin and PBS solution using rotary evaporator in 10° C higher than span-60 transition phase. Entrapment Efficiency and release profile were investigated using dialysis and spectrophotometry. Size reduction was applied by probe sonicating. Nanoparticles average diameter and zeta potentiol was measured using DLS technique and Zeta sizer. The optimum formula was PEGylated and its cytotoxicity investigated through MTT assay on Ovarian cancer CELL LINE and fibroblast normal CELLs. Results: The diameter of optimized and PEGylated niosomal formulation was 172. 5 nm and entrapment efficiency of PEGylated doxorubicin system was about 95. 83± 1. 18. release studies result in PBS buffer at 37° C was the sign of PEGylated nanoniosomes efficiency in controlling the drug release, which the release percent of drug after 48 hours was 20. 52 and its cytotoxicity was higher than the free drug. Conclusion: The study demonstrates using of drug delivery carriers such as synthesized nanoniosomes has an effective role in increasing the efficacy and reducing the consumed dosages of drug.

Background: Hyperglycemia is one of the important featurs of diabetes. In CELL culture studies different methods are used to mimic the hyperglycemia condition. In this study we investigate response of human liver cancer CELL LINE (HepG2) to high insulin, high glucose, and high insulin/ high glucose medium exposure. Methods: HepG2 CELLs were settled in DMEM+0. 1% FBS or DMEM free-serum medium with high concentrations of d-glucose (30 mm) and/or insulin (1μ M) for 24h after an overnight starving in serum-free medium. The level of hyperglycemia was estimated in the supernatants via GOD-POD method. Results: Serum-free madium with high insulin/ high glucose consentration made the higher level of hypreglycemia in HepG2 CELLs. Conclusions: Our study interduced high insulin/ high glucose treatment as the best way to induction hyperglycemia.

Lead poisoning is a problem of developing countries. The most accumulation of lead has been reported in the bone with a half-life around 20 years. Althouph the lead toxicity is widely investigated in animals, a few studies reported the toxicity of this metal in the osteoblast CELL culture. In this study, the effects of short and long term lead exposure on the growth of Saos-2 CELLs were studied by XTT assay. Long term exposure was performed by three pulses at the 48h intervals for six days. Furthermore, effects of fetal bovine serum (FBS) on the toxicity of lead were evaluated by the above method. Results demonstrated a significant inhibition of growth in the presence of 10 and 100m lead acetate. The lead toxicity increased with decrease of FBS. Lead (1m M) induced a considerable decrease of growth in the culture medium containing 2.5% FBS. Moreover, repeated exposure to 1, 0.1 and 0.01m M lead resulted in 70, 42, and 22% decrease of growth, respectively. In this study, 10m M lead acetate alters the CELL shape without consideration of FBS level from flat and adherent to spherical, and this alteration was seen at the lower concentrations of lead with the decrease of FBS level. In addition, lead exhibited strong toxic effects on the osteoblastoma CELLs in the culture medium. The results of the present study are in accordance with the studies which reported decrease in the bone density in the lead-treated animals, and focus on the direct effect of this metal on the CELLular and molecular structure of the bone tissue.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women living in developing countries. Recently, for treatment of diseases such as cancer, herbal medicine is used as a supplementary. The Aim of this study was assessment of anticancerous effects of polygonum aviculare herbal extract on Hela cervical cancer CELL LINEMaterials and Methods: HeLa CELLs were cultured in RPMI -1640 with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum in 5% Co2 and at 37oC in different concentrations (0, 0.005, 0.05, 0.01, 0.025, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, 0.15, 0.175, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.5, 5 mg/ml) of polygonum aviculare. For assessment of viability of CELLs, trypan blue staining was performed. MTT assay was used for proliferation detection. Results: our results showed that in 0.15, 0.20 and 0.35 mg/ml proliferation of HeLa CELLs decreased according to MTT assay.Conclusion: It was proved that polygonum aviculare had antioxidant component and could be a scavenger of free radical. Because of high production of free radicals in diseases such as cancer, the use of the herbal medicine with high amount of antioxidant could be a supplementary treatment in cancer and other diseases.